Meridional. Revista Chilena de Estudios Latinoamericanos

Meridional. Revista Chilena de Estudios Latinoamericanos https://revistateatro.uchile.cl/index.php/MRD Meridional. Revista Chilena de Estudios Latinoamericanos is a publication of the Latin American Cultural Studies Center at the University of Chile. The goal of the journal is to promote an interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary dialogue about Latin American culture with a humanities focus.The journal publishes original manuscripts in Spanish, English, French and Portuguese. Manuscripts must be submitted following the MLA guidelines for Scholarly publication. The journal is published both in print and digital formats. es-ES Los autores conceden a Meridional los derechos de primera publicación y difusión de los trabajos seleccionados mediante una carta, tanto en sus versiones en papel como electrónica, así como su inclusión en catálogos, bibliotecas, índices, servidores o sitios virtuales. Asimismo, aceptan que Meridional. Revista Chilena de Estudios Latinoamericanos de la Universidad de Chile opere bajo la licencia de uso <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-No Comercial-Sin Derivar 4.0 Internacional</a>. <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" rel="license"><img style="border-width: 0;" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-nd/4.0/88x31.png" alt="Licencia de Creative Commons"></a> Este obra está bajo una <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" target="_blank" rel="license noopener">licencia de Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObraDerivada 4.0 Internacional</a>. Los usuarios pueden acceder y utilizar el contenido de Meridional de forma gratuita y libre, siempre y cuando citen correctamente su procedencia. No se permite un uso comercial del contenido ni la generación de obras derivadas. Por otra parte, será responsabilidad de los autores garantizar los derechos de reproducción de las imágenes incluidas en sus artículos. revistameridional@gmail.com (Leonel Delgado Aburto) ccalabrano@uchile.cl (Dirección de Servicios de Información y Bibliotecas (SISIB)) Mon, 28 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000 OJS 3.3.0.8 http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss 60 Créditos y sumario https://revistateatro.uchile.cl/index.php/MRD/article/view/76469 Revista Meridional Copyright (c) 2024 Meridional. Revista Chilena de Estudios Latinoamericanos http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 https://revistateatro.uchile.cl/index.php/MRD/article/view/76469 Mon, 28 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Director's Letter https://revistateatro.uchile.cl/index.php/MRD/article/view/76418 Leonel Delgado Aburto Copyright (c) 2024 Meridional. Revista Chilena de Estudios Latinoamericanos http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 https://revistateatro.uchile.cl/index.php/MRD/article/view/76418 Mon, 28 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Presentation. Notes to think about the representation of war in Latin America 19th-21st centuries https://revistateatro.uchile.cl/index.php/MRD/article/view/76424 Claudio Véliz Rojas, Nicol´ás Llantén Quiroz Copyright (c) 2024 Meridional. Revista Chilena de Estudios Latinoamericanos http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 https://revistateatro.uchile.cl/index.php/MRD/article/view/76424 Mon, 28 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Latin American Violence in Historical Perspective: a Theoretical Proposal Based on Galtung’s Trinity https://revistateatro.uchile.cl/index.php/MRD/article/view/76345 The primary objective of this work is to analyze violence in Latin America from a historical perspective, utilizing the theoretical framework proposed by Norwegian scholar Johan Galtung. This analysis reveals that violence has been a persistent element in the region's history since pre-Columbian times, a reality that existing literature has either overlooked or insufficiently explored. Both primary and secondary sources from various periods demonstrate that Galtung's trinity of violence (cultural, structural, and direct) is applicable to Latin America, as the current violence in the region is part of a continuous historical process that requires long-term examination. Eduardo Hodge Dupré Copyright (c) 2024 Meridional. Revista Chilena de Estudios Latinoamericanos http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 https://revistateatro.uchile.cl/index.php/MRD/article/view/76345 Mon, 28 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Non-Western Warfare Never Existed https://revistateatro.uchile.cl/index.php/MRD/article/view/76347 As in the rest of the human sciences, those of us who have specialized in the study of war, know that the origin of the concepts, theories and methodologies that have cemented our disciplines originated in western academies, thus obeying the parameters, needs and expectations of the West itself. This may not be a problem for specialists in contemporary warfare, but for those of us who have focused our studies on conflicts between ancient societies outside the West, in my case, in pre-Hispanic Amerindian societies, it is a major problem. When the West generates standards of war, and from them creates a classification of the Western and non-Western, based basically on the opposition between the secular, advanced and complex, versus the ritual, primitive and incipient; fallacies have arisen about the warfare that occurred between pre-Columbian Amerindian societies and in any other region outside the borders of the West. For in trying to frame their warfare in a disparate and completely alien referential framework, much of the ontological reality of war, as a cultural and social phenomenon, has been lost. Thus, this essay seeks to recognize the origins of the problem, point out its inappropriateness and point to a new path. Gabriela Rivera Acosta Copyright (c) 2024 Meridional. Revista Chilena de Estudios Latinoamericanos http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 https://revistateatro.uchile.cl/index.php/MRD/article/view/76347 Mon, 28 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Reflections on naval warfare in the first half of the 19th century. Incorporation of steam technology and its scope in Europe and Latin America https://revistateatro.uchile.cl/index.php/MRD/article/view/76350 The development of naval warfare underwent a strong transformation at the beginning of the 19th century. This was due to the introduction of a new technology that allowed warships to stop being dependent on wind and ocean currents for their propulsion. The steam engine was a radical complement, which managed to eliminate many of the obstacles that limited navigation. This determined a change in the strategy of naval warfare, which led to the war fleets of the 19th Century having a decisive value in modern conflicts. Although this transformation occurred in the great powers, it also affected the nascent Latin American states that were beginning to build their navies. Manuel Gutiérrez Copyright (c) 2024 Meridional. Revista Chilena de Estudios Latinoamericanos http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 https://revistateatro.uchile.cl/index.php/MRD/article/view/76350 Mon, 28 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Historiography and Testimonies. The War Experience in Nineteenth Chile (1813-1891) https://revistateatro.uchile.cl/index.php/MRD/article/view/76351 The Chilean historiography, citing in its research both documents of different types related to the wars that the country had to endure during the 19th century, as well as various testimonies left by witnesses of the conflicts of those years. They allow us to appreciate the experience of War that the men and women of that period faced. At the same time, if we recognize both historiography and testimonies as a form of Social Memory that would allow us to approach War Experiences, we can have a panoramic view of the war conflicts of the period. Which would allow us to enter spaces that have not yet been fully developed and that lead us to reflect on a History of War in Chile. Cristián González Puebla Copyright (c) 2024 Meridional. Revista Chilena de Estudios Latinoamericanos http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 https://revistateatro.uchile.cl/index.php/MRD/article/view/76351 Mon, 28 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Salomé and Judith (1959) by Rosario Castellanos: building the indigenous identity and intersectionality in a dramatic poem about the Mexican Revolution https://revistateatro.uchile.cl/index.php/MRD/article/view/76346 This paper analyses, from a literary and a cultural perspective, the dramatic poem Salomé y Judith (1959). This piece was written by Mexican author Rosario Castellanos and represents two war episodes, one before and the other during the Mexican Revolution. The analysis focus on exoticization and oppression mechanisms, as well as the strategic use of women and indigenous people within a group of different characters that represent social positions in Chiapas at the beginning of the 20th Century. Specifically, this work is about the representation of indigenous people in Salomé y Judith (1959) and intends to describe critically how the intersections between oppressions and gender and race identities (intersectionality) are represented. From this analysis and the dialogue with previous studies, I state that an intersectional perspective exists in the poetic and dramatic construction of Castellano’s poem. Isidora Javiera Sánchez Rodríguez Copyright (c) 2024 Meridional. Revista Chilena de Estudios Latinoamericanos http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 https://revistateatro.uchile.cl/index.php/MRD/article/view/76346 Wed, 06 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Between cultural diplomacy and mass spectacle: the Allied War Exposition in Buenos Aires (1917) https://revistateatro.uchile.cl/index.php/MRD/article/view/76348 This article aims to reconstruct, through the periodical press and other archival documents, an experience that has attracted little attention in the studies of the repercussions of the Great War in Argentina. This is the Allied War Exposition, which took place in Buenos Aires in mid-1917 at the initiative of French cultural diplomacy. As it’s intended to show, the exhibition was a privileged space for staging an imaginary about the wartime France and its links with Argentina. However, for a public hungry for attractions and information, the direct impression of the war mediated by these objects also functioned as a sort of mass spectacle and a complement to the media coverage hearsed by the Buenos Aires periodical press since the beginning of the conflict. Emiliano Gastón Sánchez Copyright (c) 2024 Meridional. Revista Chilena de Estudios Latinoamericanos http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 https://revistateatro.uchile.cl/index.php/MRD/article/view/76348 Mon, 28 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Music in the War: The Messages of the "Contras'" Songs https://revistateatro.uchile.cl/index.php/MRD/article/view/76349 This article offers an initial analysis of the songs sung by members of the Nicaraguan Resistance, an anti-Sandinista group better known as “la Contra”. This irregular army was organized and funded by the United States to wage war and overthrow the Nicaraguan government, which was led the Sandinista Front after Anastasio Somoza Debayle’s dictatorship was overthrown in July 1979. The analysis of the songs argues that in the bloodiest years of the conflict, the issues of land claims and the defense of traditional ways of life - which have been considered by recent studies to be the main motivation for their struggle - were not present in cultural expressions like songs and hymns. The text is divided into five sections. The first offers a synthesis of the presence of music in war in general. The second focuses more specifically on Latin America, and addresses the way music and singing has been used in different popular movements and guerrilla organizations to express the objectives of their struggle. The third highlights the role of music in the Nicaraguan revolutionary struggle, while the fourth discusses the songs of the counterrevolutionary forces. In this way, we will show how the “contras” represented, in these musical expressions, their aspirations, experiences and the meaning of their struggle. The methodology used includes research into digital archives and interviews and consultations with former members of the anti-Sandinista forces. The article closes with a section of final reflections. Guillermo Fernández Ampié Copyright (c) 2024 Meridional. Revista Chilena de Estudios Latinoamericanos http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 https://revistateatro.uchile.cl/index.php/MRD/article/view/76349 Wed, 06 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000 The Active Militia and the Military Forces in Mexico: A Line of Research? https://revistateatro.uchile.cl/index.php/MRD/article/view/76352 Carlos Arellano González Copyright (c) 2024 Meridional. Revista Chilena de Estudios Latinoamericanos http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 https://revistateatro.uchile.cl/index.php/MRD/article/view/76352 Mon, 28 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000 The Heart of Politics: Emotions and the Rise of the Far Right in Spain https://revistateatro.uchile.cl/index.php/MRD/article/view/76353 Fabián Bustamante Copyright (c) 2024 Meridional. Revista Chilena de Estudios Latinoamericanos http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 https://revistateatro.uchile.cl/index.php/MRD/article/view/76353 Mon, 28 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000 The Material Remains of War: Archaeology on Latin American Battlefields https://revistateatro.uchile.cl/index.php/MRD/article/view/76354 Pamela Jiménez Copyright (c) 2024 Meridional. Revista Chilena de Estudios Latinoamericanos http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 https://revistateatro.uchile.cl/index.php/MRD/article/view/76354 Mon, 28 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000