Revista Chilena de Enfermería

Nursing approach to the perioperative period of a person with craniopharyngioma: a case study

Larissa Perez Estrada — 2025-10-22

Objective: To describe the application of the nursing care process guided by Roy's adaptation model in the perioperative management of a patient with craniopharyngioma. Case description: This is a case study detailing the perioperative care of a person undergoing tumour resection, with relevant clinical history including hypothyroidism, mood disorder, diabetes insipidus, and severe chronic hypernatraemia. Care was based on the structured use of the Nursing Process, employing Callista Roy's Adaptation Model to assess the postoperative status, which allows for the identification of affected areas and the person's adaptive responses. The American Nurses Association's Taxonomy II was used for the planning and execution of care, which facilitates the accurate identification of nursing diagnoses, interventions, and expected outcomes. Discussion: The importance of the Nursing Process as an essential tool for systematic and personalised care is highlighted, demonstrating that specialised nursing interventions contribute to significantly improved outcomes. Conclusion: The case emphasises the need to strengthen nursing practice through the rigorous use of standardised tools such as the American Association of Nursing Diagnoses, the Nursing Intervention Classification, and the Nursing Outcome Classification, which promotes documentation, critical analysis, and continuous evaluation of interventions to optimise the quality of care for people with complex pathologies such as craniopharyngioma.

Adverse events associated to peripheral venous catheters in people hospitalized in a hospital in Chile

Nicolas Ramirez Aguilera — 2025-01-31

Introduction: Peripheral venous catheters are widely used to administer intravenous therapy. However, they are associated with a high rate of complications. Objective: To describe adverse events related to the use of peripheral venous catheters in hospitalized patients undergoing emergency care. Methodology: This descriptive study analyzed information up to 30 days before the data collection date. The population comprised hospitalized patients in a high-complexity public hospital in Santiago, Chile. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and logistic regression models. Results: A total of 602 catheters were analyzed in 248 patients, with a peripheral venous catheter prevalence of 51.4% among hospitalized patients. The sample consisted of 46.3% women, with a mean age of 52.8 years. The medical-surgical adult unit had the highest proportion of catheters (44.3%). Of the 399 catheters with complete records, 264 (66.2%) were electively removed upon completion of intravenous therapy, whereas 135 (33.8%) were removed due to an adverse event. The most common adverse events were infiltration/extravasation without tissue damage (9.2 per 100 peripheral venous catheters), followed by phlebitis (7.7 per 100 peripheral venous catheters), and patient self-removal (4.0 per 100 peripheral venous catheters). Conclusions: There is a need to enhance and disseminate adequate clinical practices to prevent adverse events in patients requiring peripheral venous catheters, focusing on the most prevalent complications.

Sociodemographic and occupational factors associated with Burnout Syndrome in Argentine healthcare professionals

Wilfredo Quevedo — 2025-06-11

Introduction: Burnout Syndrome is an occupational phenomenon characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and a reduced sense of personal accomplishment. Its prevalence is particularly high among healthcare professionals in Latin America. Objective: To analyze the relationship between sociodemographic and occupational factors and Burnout Syndrome among healthcare professionals in a private institution in 2024. Methodology: Observational, analytical, cross-sectional study, using a non-probabilistic convenience sample of healthcare professionals. A sociodemographic and occupational questionnaire and the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (healthcare professionals’ version) were administered. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics with SPSS software. Results: A total of 214 healthcare professionals participated, including 38.3% nurses and 36.4% physicians. The sample was 65.9% female, with a mean age of 36.89 years. A total of 12.1% met the criteria for Burnout Syndrome, which was more prevalent among female professionals and those working an average of 49.90 hours per week, compared to those with fewer working hours. Additionally, high levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were more frequent among professionals working in inpatient care settings. Conclusion: Burnout Syndrome was present in 12.1% of healthcare professionals, with a higher prevalence among women and those working an average of 49.90 hours per week. No associations were found with age or length of employment. These factors should be considered when developing institutional strategies for professional well-being.

Perception of stress in clinical clerkship among nursing students at an Argentine higher education institution

Leonardo Cequeira-Fabian — 2025-09-18

Introduction: Clinical clerkships are a cornerstone of the training of future nursing professionals, as they allow theoretical knowledge to be linked to real-life care experiences. However, they involve academic and emotional demands that can cause stress, especially in students who are beginning to face greater responsibilities in complex settings. Objective: To identify the perception of stress in clinical clerkship experienced by third-year students in the Bachelor of Nursing program at a higher education institution in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Methodology: Descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative study. The bilingual KEZKAK questionnaire on stressors experienced by nursing students in clinical practice was used, consisting of 41 items grouped into nine factors. The factors were expressed as indices between 0 and 100; the higher the score, the higher the level of stress. Results: Forty-eight students participated, with an average age of 32.21 years (SD=7.39), mostly women (83.33%), employed (62.50%) and with experience in healthcare (56.25%). Relationships with colleagues were the least stressful situation, while medication errors were the most stressful. The main stress factor identified was lack of competence (median=77.28). Being male and having a job were associated with lower stress levels. Conclusions: Stress levels were moderate. It is recommended that strategies be implemented to reduce stress and improve practical experience in order to strengthen skills and encourage student retention.

Anxiety and depression in nursing students from two Colombian universities

Laura María Almeida Rueda — 2025-09-22

Introduction: Anxiety and depression are on the rise in recent years and one of the most affected populations is college students. Objective: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with the risk of anxiety and depression in nursing students of two universities in Bucaramanga (Colombia), in the first semester of 2019. Methodology: Cross-sectional study. The Zung Tests of Anxiety and depression were applied to 423 nursing students from two universities in Bucaramanga. Results: The prevalence of anxiety risk was 54.61% (192) and of depression 45.15% (4.73% severe 4.73% (20), 15.36% moderate depression 15.36% (65) and 25.06% mild 25.06% (106). As factors influencing the risk of anxiety and depression were identified as being homosexual, β=5.71 (CI95%: 0.84; 10.57), β=6.01(CI95%: 0.58; 11.44) and academic problems, β=5.39 (CI95%: 2.74; 8.05), β=8.57 (CI95%: 5.87; 11. 30), as a protective factor the hours dedicated to exercise, β=-0.57(CI95%: -0.98; -0.15), β=-0.81(CI95%: -1.27; -0.36); The anxiety was also influenced by problems with peers, consumption of energy drinks and family history of depressive disorders. Conclusions: Factors related to the risk of anxiety and depression were evidenced, it is important that within universities, from university welfare, prevention programs are designed and implemented with the aim of achieving better mental health in our student community.

Attitudes towards scientific research and self-assessment of research skills among Argentine nursing teachers

Carlos Canova-Barrios — 2025-09-27

Introduction: Scientific research is a vital tool for advancing Nursing as a discipline and improving professional practice. In this context, teachers' role in promoting and conducting research is pivotal. Objective: To analyze the attitudes towards teaching and learning scientific research, and the self-assessment of research skills, of nursing teachers in Argentina. Methodology: A multicentre, analytical, quantitative, cross-sectional study was carried out with 317 teachers from six higher education institutions. Validated instruments were used to measure perceptions of teaching research and to assess research skills. Results: The results revealed that 87.07% of professors have participated in, or are participating in, research projects. 97.16% recognized research as a tool for change in professional practice. However, 54.89% had not published any scientific articles, and 37.22% felt that their institution did not encourage research development. Handling statistical techniques and specific programs were the competencies that were evaluated the worst, while the skill of presenting reports with information and communication technologies tools was evaluated the best. Teachers with postgraduate training, previous publications, and institutional support had significantly more positive attitudes. A positive correlation was identified between attitudes towards research and the self-assessment of research skills. Conclusions: Although teachers have a positive attitude towards research, limitations in training and resources persist. It is recommended that institutional policies promoting the development of the research profile are strengthened.

Dimensions of anxiety in families of children hospitalized during the pandemic: a mixed methods study

Isabela Guimarães Volpe — 2025-10-01

Introduction: Illness and hospitalization in children, in addition to their physical and emotional impact, are stressful events that expose families to feelings of vulnerability, which can trigger anxiety. Objective: To analyze the anxiety of family members accompanying children during hospitalization. Methods: This study adopted a mixed-methods, parallel, and convergent design. The sample was comprised of families of children admitted to the pediatric ward of a Brazilian hospital. Results: Moderate levels of anxiety were observed among family members, particularly feelings of tension, helplessness, and exhaustion associated with the hospital environment and caregiving responsibilities. Qualitative data revealed emotional distress but also highlighted healthcare team support, family support, and faith as protective factors. Data integration showed that despite suffering, support networks and spirituality help mitigate the effects of anxiety. Conclusions: The study revealed high levels of anxiety among caregivers during pediatric hospitalization in the pandemic, influenced by factors such as isolation and prolonged admissions. Family support and interaction reduced anxiety. It is recommended to restructure nursing practices to ones that value family presence and support in hospital care.

Relationship between clinical practice and mental health in nursing students at a Chilean university

Álvaro Leyton-Hernández — 2025-10-03

Introduction: Nursing education involves a high academic workload and early exposure to complex clinical contexts, factors that can affect students’ mental health. Methodology: Quantitative correlational cross-sectional study. The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale was applied to students from different academic levels. Sociodemographic data, academic workload, and clinical experiences were collected in person. Descriptive analyses of sociodemographic variables and inferential analyses using Student’s t-test and one-way ANOVA were performed. The study was approved by the institutional Ethics Committee. Results: The sample consisted of 105 students from the second (n=31), third (n=39), and fourth year (n=35), selected through non-probabilistic convenience sampling. It included 67.6% women and 28.6% men. Men reported higher levels of depression (M=9.87), anxiety (M=16.07), and stress (M=19.60) than women (M=8.53; M=13.31; M=18.96), although without statistically significant differences (p>0.05). Third-year students showed higher means in all three variables, suggesting greater academic demands at this level. Furthermore, students who reported negative clinical experiences presented higher levels of anxiety (M=15.48) compared to those with positive experiences (M=12.68). Conclusions: Academic workload and the quality of clinical experiences have a significant impact on the mental health of nursing students. Identifying risk groups and critical moments makes it possible to guide emotional support strategies and strengthen coping skills from the early stages of training.

Perceptions of Chilean autistic university students regarding social integration, emotional satisfaction, and mental health

Constanza Andrea Robles Ríos — 2025-10-07

Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder is a neurological condition that affects neurodevelopment and manifests itself in deficiencies in social interaction, communication, and imagination, among other aspects. In Chile, the Autism Law seeks to guarantee the rights and inclusion of autistic people, but in the educational sphere, universities still face challenges in terms of academic and comprehensive support for these students. Objective: To understand the perceptions of undergraduate students who are part of the autism spectrum disorder or who feel part of it, regarding their social integration, emotional satisfaction, and mental health in university life at a private Chilean university. Methodology: Through a qualitative approach with focus groups, aspects such as classroom management, curriculum, and academic support were analysed. Results: Four key categories emerged from the analysis: social inclusion, academic and emotional challenges, stress and social interaction, and environmental overstimulation. The results show that students with autism spectrum disorder faced unique challenges, such as difficulties in social interaction, adapting to conventional learning environments, and managing stress and anxiety. Conclusions: It can be concluded that students experience difficulties in social interaction, adapting to conventional learning environments, and managing stress and anxiety in a complex academic setting.

Fear of falling and perception of social support in older adults with previous falls

Luis Carlos Cortez González — 2025-10-16

Introduction: Falls are one of the most common and serious problems faced by older adults. The fear of falling represents another significant health problem for older adults. Perceived social support provides physical, cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and social benefits. Objective: To examine the relationship between fear of falling and perceived social support in community-based older adults with a history of falls. Methodology: This was a descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional study conducted at the community center for older adults in the Comprehensive Family Development (DIF) program in the municipality of Torreón, Coahuila, Mexico. The sample consisted of 129 participants, and the sampling was non-probability and convenience. The instruments administered to participants were the Sociodemographic Data Sheet (CDS), the International Falls Efficacy Scale (FES-I), and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Results: 66.7% (f=86) were men, with an average age of 71.72 years (SD= 7.24). 42.6% (f. 55) presented a high fear of falling, 34.9% (f. 45) presented a moderate fear of falling, and only 22.5% (f. 29) reported having a low fear of falling again. Conclusions: These findings highlight the need to implement comprehensive geriatric care strategies that consider both biomedical and social aspects, with a preventive approach and the promotion of autonomy.

Experience of mothers caring for children with cow's milk protein allergy

Sergio Andres Guentelican Oyarzo — 2025-10-20

Introduction: Cow's milk protein allergy is an immune-mediated condition that occurs most frequently during the first year of life, placing strain on mothers' caregiving processes. The estimated global prevalence is between 2% and 7.5%, while studies in Chile are still in their infancy. Clinical manifestations are predominantly gastrointestinal, although cutaneous and systemic symptoms are also observed. Objective: To reveal the experience of mothers caring for children diagnosed with cow's milk protein allergy. Methodology: Qualitative study with a phenomenological approach and purposive sampling. In-depth online interviews were conducted with nine mothers. The analysis followed Helen Streubert's guidelines. Results: Three units of meaning emerged: diagnostic search, family adaptation, and perception of improvements to the health system. The subunits revealed experiences of multiple medical consultations, uncertainty about symptoms, economic impact, dietary reorganisation, and lack of psychological support. There was evidence of clinical ignorance about cow's milk protein allergy in primary care and barriers to access to medical specialists. Conclusions: The experience of caring for a child with cow's milk protein allergy involves profound changes in family dynamics. The lack of adequate professional guidance forces caregivers to make clinical decisions without support. It is suggested that the role of nursing professionals in screening and follow-up be strengthened, in addition to incorporating educational and community strategies from primary care.

Perception of risk and health damage in hospital nursing during COVID-19: a multicentre study

Jesica Johanna Rincón Sepúlveda — 2025-10-29

Introduction: Frontline healthcare workers during the COVID-19 outbreak face various infection risks. Risk perception can indicate the professionals' awareness of potential dangers. Objective: To analyse the perception of occupational risks and harms among nursing professionals in hospitals of Rio Grande do Sul during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: Multicentre and cross-sectional study involving 470 nursing professionals in COVID-19 units, who responded to an online questionnaire. Results: A total of 359 participants responded, with an average age of 35.99 years and a predominance of females (84.1%). Nearly all perceived risk (98.6%) and occupational hazards (95.8%) during the pandemic. The most cited risks were COVID-19 infection (97.5%) and psychological damage (92.2%). Musculoskeletal pain was the most frequent hazard (81.1%). A significant association was found between the perception of psychosocial risks and the perceived hazards (p < 0.001). Conclusion: It is crucial to investigate and analyse these phenomena to effectively communicate risks and develop improvement and intervention plans. This is essential to prevent nursing professionals from being exposed to risks that could deteriorate their quality of life or cause health damage.

Social representations of ageing among Argentine university nursing teachers

Fernando Gómez — 2025-11-26

Introduction: The rapid population aging in Latin America requires a critical review of how we train those who provide care. In nursing, teachers’ social representations can either reproduce stereotypes (illness, dependence, passivity) or promote perspectives grounded in rights, autonomy, and participation, influencing curricula, teaching practices, and relationships with older adults. Objective: To explore Argentine nursing educators’ social representations of older adults and their perceptions of the representations constructed by their students. Methodology: Qualitative, descriptive-interpretive, constructivist-oriented study conducted in 2024 at a public university in northeastern Argentina. Seventeen faculty members participated, selected through purposive sampling. Data collection was carried out via a self-administered online questionnaire with 9 open-ended questions distributed across five dimensions. Data were analysed using content analysis, combining a deductive approach with an inductive approach. Coding was manual, applying open and axial coding procedures. Digital informed consent was obtained. Results: Five main categories emerged: prior beliefs about aging; significant personal experiences; faculty perceptions of student preconceptions; evolution of faculty representations; and pedagogical proposals. In addition, one emergent category was identified: the tension between disciplinary knowledge and sociocultural representations shaping teaching. Conclusions: Traditional views linking aging with illness, dependence, and decline persist, potentially affecting student training if left unchallenged. At the same time, teaching experience, contact with active older adults, and pedagogical reflection foster transformations toward more comprehensive and rights-based approaches. Strengthening faculty development in gerontology, incorporating intergenerational strategies, and implementing reflective devices are recommended to align curricula, practices, and symbolic frameworks with humanized nursing care.

Nursing students’ imaginaries regarding their future professional practice

Carlos Arturo Pineda Barrera — 2025-04-30

Healing with science and caring with knowledge: the role of nursing in the complex future of cancer in Chile

Evelyn Silva-Moreno — 2025-10-15

Integration between Primary Health Care and specialized mental health services: a scoping review protocol

Eduarda Kussura Maia — 2025-06-29

Introduction: Integrating Primary Health Care and specialized mental health services is crucial for ensuring equitable care. However, it remains a significant challenge within the field of public health due to numerous barriers to implementation. Objective: To map, within the scientific literature, current findings regarding the challenges and possibilities of integrating Primary Health Care with specialized mental health services. Methodology: This is a scoping review protocol based on the methodological framework proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute and guided by the PRISMA-ScR checklist. The search strategy will be conducted across fourteen databases using Boolean operators. Two independent reviewers will carry out the screening process using the Rayyan reference management platform, with the support of the Research Pilot™ system for data collection and processing. These tools will facilitate article selection based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, aiming to address the following research question: “What are the challenges and possibilities of integrating Primary Health Care with specialized mental health services?” This protocol is registered with the Open Science Framework under registration number 10.17605/OSF.IO/ZUPY4.

Family care for elderly people in palliative care: a scope review protocol

Larissa Coelho Barbosa — 2025-11-25

Introduction: Population aging is a global demographic phenomenon; in Brazil, the development of palliative care is recent. In this context, the family constitutes the structuring core of care. Objective: To map elements for an analysis of the concept of family care in the context of supporting older adults in palliative care. Methodology: A scoping review protocol was developed according to the JBI guidelines and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses – Scoping Review. The theory development strategies proposed by Walker and Avant will be adopted, which recommend three strategies: concept analysis, synthesis of the scientific literature, and theory derivation. The protocol is registered with the Open Science Framework platform. The review followed the Population, Concept, and Context structure. The search will be conducted in five international databases and one gray literature database, with no restrictions on language, period, or country of study, using keywords and controlled descriptors from MeSH and DeCS. Two independent reviewers will conduct the screening and data extraction steps, using Rayyan software. With these elements, the articles will be ordered according to declared eligibility criteria, to answer the guiding question: What elements can contribute to defining the concept of "family care" in the support of elderly people in palliative care?

A notion of nursing care from the perspective of complexity

Rhonald Andrés Hernández Rodríguez — 2025-08-06

Objective: To explore the notion of care from the perspective of complex thinking and complexity sciences. Development: This reflective essay arises from an in-depth examination of the scientific literature produced by other researchers on the subject. The authors start from the health-disease concept, where care is understood as a complex, dynamic, non-linear, and non-sequential process. Despite its apparent "disorganized" flow, this process positively contributes to the restoration of both health and well-being in care recipients. The discussion emphasizes the need to move beyond conceptions of causality rooted in Newtonian models. Conclusions: The complexity approach enables nursing professionals to adopt a reflective and active stance, moving away from linear causal conceptions of disease. It incorporates an understanding of the emerging reality that transforms all life scenarios and relationships. It is essential that academic training fosters these reflective and critical skills from a complexity perspective, which can contribute to a broader understanding of the flow between health and disease through a holistic, open, and adaptive approach.

Grounded theory: historical evolution, nursing, and constructivist grounded theory

Lissette Aviles — 2025-08-11

Objective: This article aims to critically examine the origins of grounded Theory and its relationship to nursing by analyzing its historical development and contributions to knowledge in the field. Development: The study defines and explores the historical and epistemological origins of grounded theory as a methodology within the social sciences. Furthermore, it analyzes the historical link between grounded theory and nursing—an area that has received limited attention in the literature. Subsequently, it delves into a critical analysis of the epistemological evolution of grounded theory, particularly its constructivist variant, highlighting distinctive features and critiques. The article concludes with reflections on the noticeable gap in this area in the Spanish-speaking academic context. Conclusions: The complexities of contemporary nursing practice demand methodologies that not only describe and interpret the contributions of nurses to individual and public health but, more importantly, explain the intricate processes through which care is delivered.

Violence in emergency services as a threat to the mental health of nursing professionals

Camilo Andrés Silva Sánchez — 2025-10-03

Objective: To reflect on the impact that violence from users and/or their families has on the mental health of nursing professionals. Development: Violence against nursing staff in emergency departments is a persistent and normalized issue, with direct consequences on emotional wellbeing, professional performance, and quality of care. Various studies report that more than 60% of staff have been victims of aggression, mainly verbal, resulting in stress, anxiety, exhaustion, and burnout. This negatively affects empathy, concentration, and clinical responsiveness, compromising patient safety. Factors such as service collapse, long waiting times, and work overload are cited as possible triggers of aggressive behaviour by users and relatives. However, the absence of clear institutional protocols, lack of psychological support, and weak selfcare culture worsen the situation, leaving staff exposed and unsupported. Conclusion: Violence in emergency services must be addressed as a systemic threat that requires comprehensive responses. It is urgent to establish prevention policies, action protocols, psychoemotional support systems, and educational interventions starting at the undergraduate level. Recognizing and confronting this issue is key to protecting staff wellbeing and ensuring a safe and humanized clinical environment.

Reflection on nursing practice in primary care for people with chronic illness from the perspective of self-care theory

Ligia Beatriz de Souza — 2025-11-02

Objective: Reflect on the applicability of the Self-Care Deficit Theory by the Primary Health Care nurse to people with chronic conditions. Development: This is a theoretical-reflective study developed during the course Philosophical, Epistemological, Theoretical and Methodological Foundations of Research in the Caring Process, part of the postgraduate Program in Nursing at a federal institution of higher education, in the first semester of 2025. The synthesis was based on class discussions, scientific productions, and analysis in light of Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory. The role of nurses in primary health care is not limited to prescriptive and curative aspects, as they are responsible for assessing the individual's self-care capacity, as well as identifying deficits and the necessary support systems. Conclusions: Employing strategies that position the individual as an agent of their own health can be useful in building a shared and less prescriptive health care model.

A look at care in childbirth in the Mexican context with a cultural focus from ethno-nursing

JUAN DANIEL SUAREZ MAXIMO — 2025-11-15

Objective: To reflect on the theoretical and practical aspects of care during childbirth from the perspective of ethno-nursing in the Mexican context. Development: We explore how nursing care, historically linked to traditional practices such as midwifery, has evolved to integrate the cultural dimension through the cultural care model proposed by Madeleine Leininger. Ethno-nursing, in this framework, is presented as a qualitative method specific to the discipline, which allows for an understanding of local experiences, beliefs and knowledge related to health and childbirth. Through its methodological principles and phases of analysis, ethno-nursing allows for personalised care, encouraging the active participation of women and respecting their cultural values. In contexts such as indigenous or Afro-descendant communities, the application of this approach contributes significantly to the humanisation of childbirth, promoting women's emotional health and autonomy. Conclusion: it is noteworthy that ethno-nursing not only improves the quality of maternal health care, but also represents a path towards more empathetic, equitable and contextualised nursing. Its application strengthens the therapeutic relationship, protects cultural identity and links scientific knowledge with ancestral wisdom. Thus, it is positioned as an essential strategy for dignifying the act of giving birth, recognising women as protagonists of their own process.

Constructivist grounded theory: distinctive strategies and practices from a case

Lissette Avilés — 2025-11-28

Objective: To critically review constructivist grounded theory as a methodology in the social sciences, examining its distinctive strategies and practices using a case. Development: The essential strategies and practices of grounded theory are examined, including conceptual sensitivity, sampling and data analysis strategies, constant comparative method, coding, memo writing, theoretical sensitivity, theorizing, and theoretical saturation and sufficiency. To exemplify the use of the methodology, the article uses the theory ‘Reading the Family,’ which conceptualizes the approaching family process for organ donation in Chile. The article critically reviews in detail its application for the development of a middle-range theory for nursing. Conclusion: Grounded theory is a qualitative methodology recognized for its methodological rigor and its contribution to understanding complex phenomena, making it especially relevant for the study of care and nursing. This article contributes to nursing science by demonstrating the methodological and practical rigor for theoretical development in the discipline.

Educational strategies for optimal and safe learning in patients with rheumatic conditions: a scoping review

Katharine Sperger Fernández — 2025-06-10

Introduction: In Chile, rheumatic pathologies affect between 15% and 40% of the population, displaying a unique epidemiological profile in which nursing education plays a cross-cutting role. However, limited learning outcomes have been observed among rheumatology patients. Objective: To explore the educational strategies implemented in nursing to achieve optimal and safe learning outcomes tailored to the needs of individuals with rheumatic diseases. Methods: A literature search was conducted across SciELO, LILACS, the Latin American Repository Network, and PubMed for the 2012-2014 period. Keywords included "Rheumatology," "Nursing," and "Nursing Education." Articles were screened using these inclusion criteria: published within the past 12 years; available in Spanish, English, or Portuguese with full-text access; relevant to rheumatology care in inpatient or outpatient settings; and free access for Universidad de Chile students. Exclusion criteria included articles on pediatric rheumatology, non-open-access content, or paid articles. Studies were appraised using the CASPe tool and narratively synthesized, with results presented in tables and a synthesis matrix. Results: Eight educational strategies were identified from nine selected articles: a holistic approach grounded in popular knowledge, fostering introspective dialogue, pain assessment, pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic treatment, role empowerment, interdisciplinary work, and introspective analysis. These strategies were grouped into three categories: those centered on the patient's context and being, those related to treatment with and without medication, and those involving complementarity and interdisciplinarity. Conclusions: This review identified educational strategies that support effective learning among patients with rheumatic diseases. Future research should expand database sources to include humanistic literature and materials without full-text access.

Self-care practices among older adults with type 2 diabetes: a scoping review

Juan Antonio Velazquez-Favela — 2025-08-02

Introducción: La diabetes tipo 2 es un trastorno metabólico caracterizado por la hiperglucemia debido a defectos de la insulina, con mayor prevalencia en personas mayores de 60 años entre quienes probablemente aumenta el riesgo de mortalidad y complicaciones, dado el proceso natural de deterioro progresivo de capacidades físicas y mentales, relacionas con el envejecimiento. Una estrategia clave para el manejo de la diabetes tipo 2 es el autocuidado, el cual, mediante la educación en salud, permite a las personas mayores reducir complicaciones. Objetivo: Describir las prácticas de autocuidado en personas mayores que padecen diabetes tipo 2. Metodología: Revisión de alcance en cuatro etapas: búsqueda, selección, evaluación y síntesis. Se consultaron las bases de datos PubMed, Science Direct, SciELO, BVS y Sage Journal, incluyendo estudios publicados entre 2020 y octubre de 2024 con diseños descriptivos, correlacionales, observacionales, ensayos clínicos, cualitativos y mixtos. Resultados: Se identificaron tres categorías: educación y eficacia, estilo de vida y apoyo familiar y social. El autocuidado depende de factores sociodemográficos, nivel educativo y apoyo social. Las mujeres muestran mayor adherencia a la dieta y monitoreo de glucosa, mientras que los hombres priorizan la actividad física. La autoeficacia y la educación en salud son clave para el manejo de la diabetes tipo 2, destacando la efectividad de programas educativos y herramientas digitales. Conclusiones: La educación y el uso de tecnologías favorecen el autocuidado en personas que padecen diabetes tipo 2. Implementar programas educativos en atención primaria puede mejorar la gestión de la enfermedad y reducir su impacto socioeconómico.

Shift handover as a key element for continuity of care in critical care units: a narrative literature review

Darinka Lopez Cordero — 2025-09-16

Introduction: Shift handover is an integral component of nursing practice, involving the transfer of information to ensure continuity of care. In critical care units, handoffs require accuracy and precision in the context of patients with life-threatening conditions. Objective: To identify facilitators and barriers during nursing handoff in adult critical care units. Methodology: A structured review was conducted using the databases PubMed, SciELO, Scopus, and LILACS, as well as one article retrieved from Google Scholar. The articles were filtered by date of publication and language, including studies published within the past five years, in English and/or Spanish. Inclusion criteria encompassed studies that explicitly referenced the concept of shift handover in their title and/or abstract and were situated within the context of adult critical care units. Exclusion criteria applied to reflective essays and editorials. The CASPe tools were applied to assess quality, and PRISMA was used to guide the final presentation of results. Results: Seven studies were included after screening, from which five themes emerged, underscoring handoff as a vital process for ensuring continuity of care and patient safety. Conclusions: The quality of shift handover is multifactorial and requires further field-based research to approach standardization, thereby reducing variability and enhancing the overall quality of care.

Youth and risk factors for sexual behaviour in North America: a scoping review

Viviana Blanco Castro — 2025-10-14

Introduction: Young people's sexual behaviours in late adolescence and during emerging adulthood are influenced by various factors. As this stage is characterized by exploration and instability, it presents multiple significant challenges in the development of identity and romantic-sexual relationships. Decisions made during this period are crucial for the healthy development of sexuality and the prevention of risk behaviours associated with higher rates of sexually transmitted infections or unintended pregnancies. This article synthesizes recent evidence on risk factors among youth. Objective: to identify risk factors associated with sexual behaviour in young people aged 17 to 25 in North America. Methodology: Searches were conducted in the Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and Erudit databases for the period 2020–2024, following the PRISMA protocol guidelines. Original studies in English, French, and Spanish examining risk factors for sexual behaviour in individuals aged 17 to 25 from the U.S., Canada, or Mexico were considered. Results: A total of 11 studies met the selection criteria. All explored risk factors associated with sexual behaviour, identifying risks related to sociodemographic characteristics and other factors, primarily low risk perception and alcohol and other drug use. Conclusions: Various factors influence the sexual behaviour of young people, with the influence of the social and cultural context being particularly relevant, especially in males. These factors must be addressed comprehensively, considering the psychological and social development of young people.

Challenges for nursing in inclusive care for transgender and non-binary individuals: a scoping review

Jessica García — 2025-10-22

Introduction: Transgender and non-binary individuals identify with a gender expression that deconstructs traditional patterns of femininity and masculinity, exposing them to violence and discrimination in different areas of society, including healthcare. Objective: To describe the challenges in nursing care for transgender and non-binary individuals. Methodology: Scope review, which included articles from 2018 to 2023, in Spanish, English, and Portuguese in the Web of Science, Pubmed, Epistemonikos, and Google Scholar databases, using the descriptors Non-Binary Gender, Transgender, Health Care, Nurse Care, Nurse Competence. Results: Twenty-two articles were obtained and grouped into three categories that account for the social and health experiences of transgender and non-binary people, the healthcare system organized under a heteronormative paradigm, and the cultural competence of nursing teams. Conclusions: The literature shows a lack of recognition of trans and non-binary identities in healthcare settings, highlighting the need for training nursing teams in order to provide inclusive care.